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Functional enrichment / GO classification bar chart

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How to read it

GO classification bar chart

A GO level-2 classification chart summarises how a gene set (e.g. differentially expressed genes) spreads over the three ontologies — biological process, cellular component and molecular function; each bar is the number of genes in one level-2 term.

From a gene–term table each gene is counted once per term; with a group column (e.g. up / down) bars are grouped, and you can show the percentage of each group’s annotated genes to compare sets of different size.

This is descriptive, not an enrichment test: broad terms such as “cellular process” or “binding” are almost always the largest. Use “Enrichment with your own annotation” to assess significance.

Level-2 assignments depend on the GO release and on the propagation rules (is_a, part_of), so results from different sources may differ slightly.

Method

Count = distinct genes per term; percentage = count / genes of the group with any annotation × 100. Example data: Gene Ontology Consortium (2023) Genetics 224:iyad031; GOA human annotation (CC BY 4.0).

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